Kuora kwematomatisi kunonoka ndeimwe yezvirwere zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwemadomasi mugreenhouse yemiriwo, tomato kunonoka kwebvudzi, fungus, kunyanya mycelium, inopinda mumuviri unorwara munguva yechando, hutachiona hwehutachiona munzvimbo yakakodzera, uye nzvimbo yechirwere ichi inoburitsa sporangium, inoparadzirwa nemhepo nemvura, kana hunyoro hukakura uye hukapararira nebanga, banga, kukura kwepasi-kumusoro ndiko kunobva pakati pemhando yechirwere. Sporangium inoburitswa pashizha remuti wepakati yakapararira nemhepo ichienda kumiti yakapoteredza kuti iwanezve hutachiona. Kuwanikwa uye kuwanda kwechirwere kunonoka kwakabatana nemamiriro ekunze, uye kukurumidza kukura kwakabatanawo nemamiriro ekurima madomatisi uye kuramba kwezvirimwa.

Kudzivirira nekutonga kurima

1. Pane musiyano wakati pakusabatwa nezvirwere pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzematomatisi, uye mhando dzinotsungirira zvirwere dzinofanira kupiwa pekutanga pakurima. Pamusoro pezvo, sarudzo yakakodzera inofanira kuitwa zvichienderana nekuchinjika kwemashanga kana nzvimbo. Pakurima mumunda wakashama, mhando dzakakosha dzemunda wakashama dzinofanira kusarudzwa; pakurima unokurumidza kuibva, mhando dzinononoka kuibva hadzifanirwe kusarudzwa; kunzvimbo dzine hunyoro kana nzvimbo dzinonaya mvura, mhando dzinotsungirira zvakanyanya dzinofanira kusarudzwa.

2. Kurima nekudzivirira zvirwere. Nzira dzekurima dzine musoro inzira dzinodiwa pakurima mukudzivirira nekudzivirira zvirwere nezvipembenene. Zvichienderana nekuti kukuvara kwezvirimwa panguva yekunonoka kunowanzoitika kana paine hunyoro hwakawanda, matanho anotevera anofanira kutorwa:

(1) Kugadzira mbeu: kudzivirira nekurapa chirwere kubva pane zvese, mbeu ndiyo chinhu chakakosha pakuuraya utachiona. Kutanga, mbeu dzine 70% mancozeb wettable powder inopfapfaidzwa ka500, uye kana yanyikwa mumvura kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pa55 ℃, inomera mushure mekuzara kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekunaya kwemvura kwakawanda.

(2) kurima matanda: kurima matanda edomasi kunogona kuona kuti tembiricha yevhu nehunyoro, kuderedza hunyoro hwemhepo, kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira kukura kwematomatisi, kusabatsira kupinda kwebhakitiriya, kuderedza kuwanda kwezvirwere, uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzivirira zvirwere.

(3) huwandu hwakakodzera: zvichienderana nemarudzi akasiyana evhu rakasiyana, dyarai huwandu hwe2000-2400 paeka, iva nechokwadi chekuti chirimwa chiri mumamiriro emhepo inofefetera ichivhenekerwa nechiedza, kukura zvakanaka, kuwedzera simba rekudzivirira, kana huwandu hwekudyara hwakanyanya kukwira, pakati pechirimwa, dzinde, mashizha, michero, uye zvichakudzana, mvura, mafuta, kukura kusina simba, hunyoro hwemhepo hwakakura, mabhakitiriya anopinda, anogona kubatwa nezvirwere zvakakurumbira. Asi huwandu hudiki, kunyangwe kukura kwakasimba, hunyoro hwemhepo hudiki, mhedzisiro inodzivirira zvirwere yakanaka, asi haigone kuwana huwandu hwese hunoda zvakare. Neimwe nzira, huwandu hwemhando yekukura isingaperi hunofanira kunge hudiki, nepo hwemhando yekukura isingagumi hunofanira kunge hwakakura.

(4) fetereza nemvura: hupenyu hwemadomasi kubva pakudyara mbeu kusvika panguva yekutumbuka, hunyoro hwevhu hunodiwa kuti huwedzere zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pa60% kusvika ku85%, kureva 60% yenguva yekutumbuka kwembeu, 70% yenguva yekutumbuka kwembeu, 80% yemhedzisiro yekutanga, 85% yenguva yekutumbuka kwembeu. Sezvinotaurwa nechirevo, "mvura ndiyo inoita goho; ndiyo fetereza inoita goho". Kudiridza kwakakodzera kwakakosha kuti pave nekubatana pakati pekukura kwezvinovaka muviri nekukura kwekubereka, kuitira kuti pave nekusimbaradza kurwisa chirwere. Fetereza ndiyo chinhu chikuru pakurima, kudyara madomasi, kunofanira kunge kuri pakati nepakati, kugadzira ivhu kunoda simba, ivhu rakareruka, fetereza, shi (1000-3000 kg pa mu yemupfudze wemhando yepamusoro), fetereza yeP 50 kg/mu, fetereza yeK 20 kg/mu, pamusoro pekupa fetereza yakakwana yeN, fetereza yeP, K pakukohwa uye kunaka kwayo kwakakosha, chete kushandisa zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha, kuwedzera kusimbaradza kwezvirwere zvezvirimwa, kuderedza kupinda kwebhakitiriya re late blight plague, kuti pave negoho rakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kusagadziriswa zvakanaka kweN, P neK kwakaderedza kusimbaradza kwematomatisi, uye late blight yaive nyore kupararira, zvichikanganisa goho uye kunaka.

(5) mamiriro ekunze ane chiedza uye kupisa: matomatisi izvirimwa zvinofarira kupenya kwemvura, nzvimbo dzekudyara dzinofanira kunge dzakatetepa, zvikasadaro kukura kwematomatisi kwakaderera uye kusina simba, utachiona huri nyore kupinda, hunokonzera zvirwere. Matomatisi anokura tembiricha inochinjika zvakanyanya 20 kusvika 25 ℃, nzvimbo yangu yekudyara matomatisi ine zviwanikwa zvinobatsira zvemunda, tembiricha yepakati pegore iri 21 ℃, asi munguva yemvura, chando chechando, mhute, hunyoro hwemhepo hwakakura, zvakanaka kuhutachiona hunopinda mukukuvara, saka kana zvisina kudzorwa nenguva, kunonoka kwechirwere kunoitika nekukurumidza, kudzivirira nekudzora kupfapfaidza kunofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza.

Mashizha matanhatu akatora forogo: gomarara rinononoka kana kuchinaya, hunyoro hwakawanda, tembiricha yakaderera, mhute, mhute mangwanani nemanheru ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa, senge hunyoro huri pamusoro pe75%, tembiricha iri pakati pe15 ne25 ℃ inofarirwa. Kuti uchinje mamiriro ekunze mumunda uye kuderedza hunyoro hwemhepo, mashizha etsoka dzepasi nematavi akawandisa emuti anofanira kubviswa kuitira kuti mhepo ipinde zvakanaka uye chiedza chipinde mumunda, kuitira kuti bhakitiriya iparadze nzvimbo yekugara uye kudzivirira kuitika kwezvirwere.

7 Kuchinjana kwezvirimwa: kurima zvirimwa zveSolanaceae nguva dzose, ivhu rine mabhakitiriya akawanda, zviri nyore kubuda, nekuti zvasara zvechirwere zvinosara mumunda wekurima ndizvo zvinokonzera hutachiona hwechando pakutanga, saka kana uchidhonza michero, unofanira kubvisa mashizha, michero, uye kudzivirira kuungana kwemabhakitiriya, uye kuti utachiona husanyanya kupararira, unofanira kuchinjana miriwo isingawanzoitiki kaviri kana mitatu.

Kudzivirira uye kudzora muviri

Kudzora panyama kushandisa nzira dzepanyama, dzakadai sembeu dzekuongorora mhepo, kuongorora, kuparadzanisa mvura, kuparadzanisa mvura nematope nedzimwe nzira dzekusarudza mbeu dzakanaka; Kana kushandisa nzira dzepanyama dzakadai sekunyika mbeu mumuto unodziya kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya kuitira kuti udzivise chinangwa chekudzivirira zvirwere. Kuchenesa munda kunonyanya kubvisa madzinde, mashizha, michero nezvimwe zvasara mumunda zvine zvirwere, uye kuzvipisa kana kuzviviga zvakadzika, kuitira kuderedza huwandu hwebhakitiriya muvhu zvakanyanya sezvinobvira uye kuderedza mukana wekutapukirwa nehutachiona, kuitira kudzivirira zvirwere uye kuwedzera mari.

Kudzora makemikari

Chirwere chematomatisi chakaitika munguva dzakasiyana dzekurima mudunhu redu. Saka, mushure mekudzora kurima nekudzora muviri, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinoramba zvichionekwa, izvo zvinoda kushandiswa kwemishonga yekudzivirira, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yemakemikari yekubatsira kudzora. Zvinangwa zvikuru zvekudzora makemikari ndeizvi: kudzivirira nekudzora kupinda kwebhakitiriya; Kuuraya utachiona; Kudzivisa kukura kwebhakitiriya, kuwedzera dziviriro yematomatisi.

1. Kurapa ivhu: domasi rinoda nzvimbo isina ganda, ivhu rine acid, ivhu rine alkaline rinogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa quicklime. Mabhakitiriya evhu ane njodzi huru pakugadzirwa kwedomasi mudunhu redu, pamusoro pekuita basa rakanaka mukuuraya zvipembenene muvhu, anogonawo kushandiswa mukuuraya fungicide yakawanda, kuderedza hutachiona muvhu (bhakitiriya kana zinc nezvimwe zvipembenene).

2, mhodzi nekukohwa: mushure mekuiswa kwezviratidzo zvechirwere chekupedzisira chemashizha, hunde, michero, kutanga kwekugadzira chengetedza kubva panguva, 58% yechando inowanikwa, manganese zinc inonyoroveswa nehupfu hwemvura ka500, spray inofanira kunge yakafanana, ichifunga, kunyanya ichitumbuka kusvika pakati pemhedzisiro yakakosha, panguva yekutanga nekupera kwekukura inofanira kunyatso tarisa chirwere chekupedzisira uye kudzora kuronga munguva, kana yafarirwa, ichave nepesvedzero huru pagoho uye mhando. Kana mhando dzechirwere chepakati dzikawanikwa mumunda, nzira dzinotevera uye mishonga inogona kusarudzwa: nzira yekupfapfaidza, kupfapfaidza 72.2% pomelo hydrochloride solution ka800 pakutanga kwechirwere chematomatisi, kana 72% frost urea • manganese zinc inonyoroveswa nehupfu ka400-600, kana 64% frost • manganese zinc inonyoroveswa nehupfu ka500, spray kamwe chete mazuva ese 7-10, continuous control mazuva 4-5. Kana hunyoro mushedhi hwakanyanya kana huchisangana nemazuva ane makore, nzira yekupfapfaidza nehupfu inogona kushandiswa, senge kushandisa Gerry micro powder 1 (50% Kudzora kupfapfaidza kweupfu hwealkyl morpholine wettable powder) kunogona kuita kuti pave nemhedzisiro iri nani yekudzora. Nzvimbo yechirwere chehunde inogona kuiswa nemushonga wemvura wakawanda, ingave mushonga wemashizha kana mushonga wekuvhara hunde, kamwe chete mazuva manomwe kusvika masere, kaviri kusvika katatu akatevedzana, asi teerera mazuva gumi mushure mekuiswa kwemuchero haugone kutengwa pamusika.