Ko te mate pāwera o te tōmato tētahi o ngā mate nui mō te whakaputanga o ngā huawhenua i roto i ngā whare kati kōtuhi tōmato. Ko te harore, ko te mycelium te nuinga, ka noho i roto i te tinana mate i te takurua, ka pangia e te pathogen i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao e tika ana, ā, ka puta he sporangium i te wāhi mate, ka horapa mā te hau me te ua. Mēnā he makuku, ka tere te pihi me te whakaekenga o te rau, ka puta te rau mai i raro ki runga hei pokapū o te momo noa. Ko te sporangium i puta i runga i te rau o te tipu pokapū ka horapa mā te hau ki ngā tipu e karapoti ana kia pangia anō. Ko te putanga mai me te horapa o te mate pāwera e pā tata ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, ā, ko te tere o te whanaketanga e pā tata ana ki ngā āhuatanga whakatipu tōmato me te ātete o te tipu.

Te aukati me te whakahaere ahuwhenua

1. He rerekē te ātete ki te mate i waenga i ngā momo tōmato rerekē, ā, me matua whakanui ngā momo ātete ki te mate i te whakatipu. Hei tāpiri, me whiriwhiri tika i runga i te āheinga o te kakau witi, o te rohe rānei. Mō te whakatipu i te whenua tuwhera, me whiriwhiri ngā momo motuhake mō te whenua tuwhera; mō te whakatipu wawe, kaua e whiriwhiri ngā momo kua roa te pakeke; mō ngā wāhi haumākū, ngā wāhi ua rānei, me whiriwhiri ngā momo ātete nui.

2. Te whakatipu me te ārai i ngā mate. He mea nui ngā tikanga whakatipu tika hei ārai me te whakahaere i ngā mate me ngā pepeke kino. I runga i te mea ko te mate pāwera te mea tino tūpono ka puta i te haumākū nui, me mahi ēnei mahi:

(1) te tukatuka purapura: te ārai me te rongoā i ngā mate mai i ngā taipitopito katoa, ko te purapura te kaupapa matua o te patu huakita. Tuatahi, ka rehuhia ngā purapura ki te paura makuku 70% mancozeb 500 ngā wā, kātahi ka rumakina ki te wai i te 55 ℃ mō te 30 meneti, ka pihi ake i muri i te waipuke i puta mai i te nui o te ua.

(2) te whakatipu mulch: mā te whakatipu mulch tōmato ka taea te whakarite kia noho te pāmahana me te makuku o te oneone, ka whakaiti i te haumākū o te hau, ka waihanga i ngā āhuatanga e pai ana mō te tipu o te tōmato, kāore e pai ana mō te whakaekenga o te huakita, ka whakaiti i te auau o te mate, ā, ka tutuki te whāinga o te aukati i te mate.

(3) kiato tika: kia rite ki ngā momo oneone rerekē, kia 2000-2400 te tapeke o ngā tipu mō ia eka, kia pai te hauhautanga o te tipu, kia hauora te tipu, kia kaha ake te ātete. Ki te kore e tika te whakatō kiato, ka honore te tipu ki te tipu, ki te kakau, ki te rau, ki te hua, ka pai te tipu. Ka honore tetahi ki tetahi. Ka wai, ka momona, ka ngoikore te tipu, ka nui te haumākū o te hau, ka taea e te huakita te whakaeke, ka pāngia e te mate. Engari he iti rawa te kiato, ahakoa he pakari te tipu, he iti te haumākū o te hau, he pai te ātete ki te mate, engari kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te putanga katoa e hiahiatia ana. I roto i te kupu, me iti te kiato o te momo tipu mutunga kore, ko te momo tipu mutunga kore ia me nui.

(4) te whakahaere tongi me te wai: mai i te wā e whakatō ana i te tipu ki te wā pua, me piki haere te makuku o te oneone mai i te 60% ki te 85%, arā, 60% o te wā tipu, 70% o te wā pua, 80% o ngā hua tuatahi, 85% o te wā pua. E ai ki te kōrero, "ko te wai te mea e hua ai te kotinga; ko te tongi te mea e hua ai te kotinga". He mea nui te whakamakuku tika kia pai ai te tipu o te kai me te whakatipu uri, kia pai ai te ātete ki te mate. Ko te tongi te mea matua o te whakaputa, ko te whakato tōmato i ngā poraka whenua, me momona te iti rawa, me kounga te oneone e hiahiatia ana, me ngawari te oneone, me nui te tongi (1000-3000 kirokaramu ia mu o te paru pāmu kounga teitei), tongi P 50 kg/mu, tongi K 20 kg/mu, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakarato tongi N e ranea ana, he mea nui te tongi P, K ki te hua me te kounga, ko te whakakotahitanga tika o ngā huānga matua e toru e whakamahia ana, hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki ngā mate tipu, hei whakaiti i te whakaekenga a ngā huakita o te mate pāwera, hei whakanui ake i te hua pai. Engari, ko te koretake o te whakatikatika o te N, P me te K ka whakaiti i te ātete o te tōmato, ā, ka ngawari te horapa o te mate pāwera, ka pā ki te hua me te kounga.

(5) ngā āhuatanga o te mārama me te wera: he hua aroha-ki-te-rangi te tōmato, me ātaahua ngā māra whakato, ki te kore ka angiangi, ka ngoikore te tipu o te tōmato, ka ngāwari te whakaeke i ngā iroriki, ka pā mai he mate. Ko te pāmahana tino urutau mō ngā tōmato ko te 20 ki te 25 ℃, ko taku rohe whakato tōmato he pai ngā rauemi o te mara, ko te pāmahana toharite ia tau ko te 21 ℃, engari i te wā ua, ka nui te hukapapa hotoke, te kohu, te haumākū o te hau, he pai mō ngā iroriki te whakaeke i te kino, ki te kore e taea te whakahaere i te wā tika, ka tere te horapa o te mate pāwera, me ārai me te whakahaere i te rehu i te wā tika.

E ono ngā rau i tangohia i te marau: ko te ngingio tōmuri i te ua, te haumākū tiketike, te pāmahana iti, te kohu, te kohu i te ata me te ahiahi te mea tino ngāwari ki te rongonui, pērā i te haumākū whanaunga neke atu i te 75%, me te pāmahana i waenga i te 15 me te 25 ℃ he mea rongonui. Hei whakarerekē i te āhuarangi iti i te mara, hei whakaiti i te haumākū o te hau, me tango ngā rau o raro o te waewae me ngā manga matotoru o te tipu kia pai ai te hauhautanga me te tuku mārama i te mara, kia whakangaro ai i te taiao ora o ngā huakita, kia ārai ai i te putanga mai o te mate.

7 te hurihanga hua: te whakatipu tonu i ngā hua solanaceae, he nui te huakita o te oneone, he ngāwari te puta mai, nā te mea ko ngā toenga mate e toe ana i te mara whakatipu te pūtake o te mate i te tīmatanga o te takurua, nō reira i te wa e hutia ana ngā tipu, kaua e horoia te whenua me ngā rau mate, me ngā hua anake, ā, kia kore ai e puta he huakita nui, me huri 2-3 me ngā huawhenua ehara i te solanaceae.

Te ārai me te whakahaere ā-tinana

Ko te whakahaere ā-tinana ko te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ā-tinana, pērā i ngā purapura hei tirotiro i te hau, te tātari, te wehenga wai, te wehenga wai paru me ētahi atu tikanga hei whiriwhiri i ngā purapura pai; te whakamahi rānei i te tikanga ā-tinana pērā i te ruku i ngā purapura ki roto i te hupa mahana hei aukati i te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā huakita kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te ārai i ngā mate. Ko te horoi i te mara ko te tango i ngā kakau, rau, hua me ētahi atu toenga mate i roto i te mara, ka tahuna, ka tanumia rānei kia hohonu, kia whakaitihia ai te nui o ngā huakita oneone me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pangia e ngā pathogens, kia āraihia ai ngā mate me te whakapiki i ngā moni whiwhi.

Whakahaere matū

I puta te mate tōmato i ngā wā me ngā wā rerekē o te whakatipu i roto i tō mātou rohe. Nō reira, i muri i te whakahaere ahuwhenua me te whakahaere ā-tinana, ka puta tonu ngā tohu o te mate, e hiahia ana kia whakamahia ngā tikanga whakahaere matū, ngā patupatu matū hei whakahaere āwhina. Ko ngā kaupapa matua o te whakahaere matū ko: te aukati me te whakahaere i te whakaekenga huakita; te patu i ngā iroriki; te aukati i te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā huakita, te whakapakari i te ārai mate o te tōmato.

1. Te maimoatanga oneone: he pai ki te tōmato te taiao kūpapa, he oneone waikawa, ka taea te whakapai ake i te oneone kawakore mā te whakamahi i te kotakota tere. He tūmomo mōrearea nui te huakita oneone ki te whakaputanga tōmato i tō mātou rohe, ā, he pai hoki ki te patu huakita i te oneone i roto i ngā moenga purapura, ka taea hoki te whakamahi ki te mara patu huakita whānui-whānui, hei whakaiti i ngā mate urutā i roto i te oneone (e wātea ana te huakita, te konutea me ētahi atu patu pepeke).

2, te tipu me te kotinga: i muri i te whakatōnga o ngā tohu o te mate pāwera o te rau, te kakau, te hua, me te pupuri i te mea hangai i te wā tika, e wātea ana te 58% o te hukapapa pukupuku, te paura konutea konutea 500 ngā wā o te rehu wai, me rite te rehu, me whakaaro nui, ina koa ko te pua tae noa ki te wā e tino nui ana te hua waenga, i te wā o te whanaketanga wawe me te mutunga me ata tirotiro i te mate pāwera me te whakahaere i te whakahaere i te wā tika, ina rongonui, ka nui te awe ki te hua me te kounga. Mena ka kitea ngā momo mate matua i te mara, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga me ngā kaihoko e whai ake nei: tikanga rehu, rehu 72.2% te otinga pomelo hydrochloride 800 ngā wā i te wā tōmua o te mate tōmato, 72% huka urea rānei • paura konutea konutea 400-600 ngā wā, 64% huka rānei • paura konutea konutea 500 ngā wā, rehu kotahi i ia 7-10 rā, whakahaere tonu 4-5 rā. Mena he tiketike rawa te haumākū i roto i te whare tiaki, he tūtaki rānei ki ngā rā kapua, ka taea te whakamahi i te tikanga rehu paura, pēnei i te whakamahinga o te paura moroiti Gerry 1 (50% Ko te paura rehu (alkyl morpholine wettable paura) ka taea te whakahaere i te pānga whakahaere pai ake. Ka taea te whakamahi i te rongoā wai nui ki te rehu rau, ahakoa he rongoā paninga kakau, kotahi i te 7-8 rā, 2-3 ngā wā karapīpiti, engari kia tupato ki te 10 rā i muri i te whakamahinga o te hua, kāore e taea te kohi i te mākete.